How Do Electrocardiogram Models Scale?

In three linesSystematic study of scaling laws for ECG models: 120 models (20K–200M parameters) pre-trained on CODE (2.3M records). SSL models outperform SL on out-of-distribution generalization; ResNets 1.3–2.5× more parameter-efficient than Transformers; SSL 16× more data-efficient. Architecture and paradigm choice matter more than brute-force scaling.

Summary generated by Claude — human-verified