The Periodic Table of LLM Reasoning: A Structured Survey of Reasoning Paradigms, Methods, and Failure Modes

In three linesMeta-analysis of 300+ papers on LLM reasoning. Taxonomy covering Chain-of-Thought, multi-hop reasoning, mathematical, common sense, visual, code, RAG, agents and RL. Identifies hallucinations, brittle multi-step inference, weak causal abstraction and poor cross-domain generalization.

Summary generated by Claude — human-verified