TOPSIS-RAD: Ranking According to Desires

In three linesTOPSIS-RAD improves classical TOPSIS by incorporating decision-maker-defined reference levels: Vetoed Performance Levels (VPL) exclude non-viable alternatives before normalisation, Desired Performance Levels (DPL) cap performances at decision-maker aspirations. This reduces sensitivity to outliers and rank reversals.

Summary generated by Claude — human-verified